Delgado GE, Siekmeier R, Krämer BK, März W, Kleber ME
Fibrinolysis parameters were measured in 3,316 LURIC participants and compared between 777 active smokers and 1,178 lifetime non-smokers over a median 10-year follow-up. Male active smokers had elevated PAI-1 and t-PA antigen but reduced t-PA activity; female smokers showed lower t-PA antigen and protein C. PAI-1, t-PA, and D-dimers predicted mortality in active smokers (HR per 1 SD: 1.29, 1.19, and 1.14) and improved AUC beyond conventional risk factors.
Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 2015 | PMID 25786403